Snake venom consists of proteins, enzymes and other bioactive molecules that the snake injects into the body of its prey when it bites. These components are on the other hand used as a special model for scientific research for various diseases and new discoveries. Similarly, researchers have used snake venom to elicit the toxicity of various compounds on animals. Such studies involve exposing animals to different doses of a compound and observing the effects on the animals over time.
The purpose of these studies is to determine the toxicity of the compound and to identify potential adverse effects that may be harmful to humans or other animals. In toxicology studies, animals are given different doses of a compound or poison or these doses are injected into the animal’s body, then the effects are observed over time. Among them, the most commonly used animal model is the laboratory rat. Because mice are mammals, they share many genetic and functional similarities with humans. They are relatively easy to breed and maintain in the laboratory compared to larger animals. Mice are also used to study the effects of snake venom and observe potential harmful effects.
Pesticides or other compounds can also be studied in the same way. When the pesticide was administered to rats, it was observed that the levels of certain enzymes in the blood of the rats changed, which indicated that this pesticide was extremely harmful to the liver. In addition to rats, rabbits are also used in these studies. Snake venom has been studied in the laboratory on these organisms. Similarly, the effects of various snake venoms have been tested and the most harmful effect is connoted. In this way, snake venom has been divided into two major categories, either snake venom damages the nervous system or the blood system and cardiovascular system.
Snake venom contains many proteins and bioactive molecules. Therefore, taking it as a standard, the toxic effects of other compounds can also be tested. This is why the interaction of various drugs and compounds with specific protein molecules in the human body can be understood, as these effects are shown in laboratory animals and then in their blood and other organs. Conclusions are made by observation. Rats and rabbits etc. are also used because they have physical and biological similarities to humans. Experiments like these are crucial in developing effective treatments for snakebite, as animal experiments help to understand how snake venom affects the body.
Animal models allow researchers to study the effects of snake venom in a controlled setting where all changes can be observed. Thus, these animal models are also important in testing potential antidotes or treatments before they are used in humans. One view is that the use of animals in research is inappropriate and that alternative methods such as test tube methods or computer simulations should be used instead.
On the other hand, animal experiments provide very useful information. It is also worth noting that experimental animal testing can be a complex issue, as animals are used for a wide range of purposes in research and the rules governing animal use may differ for each experiment.
The basic principle is that research work should be carried out with minimal harm to the laboratory animals used in the experiments and that all tests should be carried out in accordance with internationally agreed standards. Although animal testing is still used in many areas of research, efforts are underway to develop alternative methods that reduce or eliminate the use of animals. These methods can be less costly and more scientifically accurate. Dro so flammelanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a small species of fly that has been used as a medium in scientific research for more than a century. has been
The drow fly is an important model organism for several reasons, as it can be easily grown in the laboratory at very low cost. It takes only ten to twelve days to hatch from an egg to become a fly. Genetic makeup is very simple. What most fascinates researchers is the ability to study multiple species of flies within the same organism in a short period of time. Thus it becomes possible to study the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, diet and other factors.
This fly has been used to study many biological processes. In one example of a study that tested venom on the drow sow flea, when different doses of scorpion venom were given to Drow sow flea larvae, the larvae’s ability to move was affected and it was observed that the larvae’s normal crawling behavior was disrupted. and the larvae are paralysed. These flies can usually be placed in a small glass tube on a paste made of sugar, yeast and corn for easy growth where they also lay eggs and after the eggs turn into larvae the larvae turn into flies. are
Usually an experimental compound or poison can be added to this paste. Large populations of bees can be maintained in these small jars. Another study used Dro So Flaco to study spider venom. The researchers observed that spider venom induced changes in genetic material involved in stress response and immune function in the bees. These examples show that these flies can be used to observe the effects of poisons. If we use Dro So Phila to test for snake venom, it can have many benefits. For example, the genetic make-up of the Dro-su-Fla is fully known.
Therefore, it is not easy to manipulate, so if these flies are tested to observe the effects of snake venom on a specific genetic material or a biological function, it is very easy, cheap and many times compared to other animals. Could be in a better way. Second, it is very difficult to perform any experiment on hundreds of mice. While a large number of Drosophila flies can be grown in small vials, and it is possible to conduct an experiment in large numbers, i.e. hundreds, it is also possible that hundreds of these flies in the laboratory They can fit in a small space and can be used easily.
They also have a short lifespan, making it not difficult to observe the effects of the poison over time. Most importantly, the basic biological processes studied in Drosophila are the same as in other organisms, including humans. This means that the experimental results obtained from the Dro So Fla can be applied to humans and other organisms. Therefore, using this fly as an animal model for snake venom tests can provide valuable information on toxic effects. Thus, this small fly can serve as an alternative experimental organism. Testing the effects of poisons or various compounds with the help of computer simulations or artificial intelligence is still quite advanced.
For this, a lot of data or material must already exist and then obviously that material or data is also taken for experimenting on animals. Any computer system can take all this material and create a database through a software to give a virtual result. Sometimes the results of such computers also have to be tested through experiments in the laboratory. As for getting results from computers through artificial intelligence, the field itself is still in its experimental stages and it would be too early to say anything.
At present snake venom is another compound, if we want to know about its effects, we need an organic body which exists in the form of animals like rat etc. But if you want to experiment, in this case, there is Dro sofla or fruit bee, which has been used for the study of biological factors in various institutions around the world for more than a hundred years. Over time it has been proven that this little bee can be used for almost any kind of laboratory experiment.
The Dow College of Biotechnology has a laboratory called the FlyLab that is working on the drow souffla. Work is also being done with these flies on snake venom and Proteomics Center, University of Karachi is also working in collaboration with Fly Lab in such a project. In the future, it is possible that computers or artificial intelligence will replace laboratory animals. Until then, small organisms such as fruit flies are highly subject to experimentation as a better alternative.
